Grammar Force 1 – Basic Structure

Evaluation Test:

1.     B

2.     D

3.     B

4.     C

5.     C

6.     D

7.     C

8.     D

9.     D

10.  A

Answer for Ex 01: Basic Identification

1.     Students love Oten.

2.     Oten had been a singer.

3.     Who’s singing in the street?

4.     He would have slipped on the stage.

5.     Singing is now prohibited in public places.

6.     To stop singing is to stop feeling alive.

7.     Singers having difficulty with high notes should take extra training.

8.     Training our voices every day is very important.

9.     Since 7:00pm the singers in the next room have been practising.

10.  Oten, as well as being one of the star teachers, is a singer.

Answer for Ex 02: Sentence Formation

1.     I have a very skinny dog.

2.     You have a stinky mouth.

3.     Everybody likes dreaming.

4.     I enjoy walking on the beach with him. / I enjoy walking with him on the beach.

5.     There are many morons in the school.

Answer for Ex 03: To-infinitive Structure:

1. I want to / would like to go to the toilet.

2. Nobody wants to get fat.

3. You need / have to finish within 5 minutes.

4. Hello Kitty hopes / wishes / wants to become a stand-up comedian.

Answer for Ex 04: Gerund Structure:

1. He likes playing basketball.

2. He likes hitting my head.

3. He keeps making me angry.

4. We should stop wasting time.

Chapter 1.2 Quick Summary

to- (infinitive)

(not only for “humans” 不僅用於「人」)

1. Shows intention or purpose (表明意圖或目的)

   
   

    → I came here to learn English.

   
   

    (= my purpose is learning English)

   
   

    （表示意圖或目的，例如：我來這裡是為了學英文。）

2. Usually for specific / one-time actions (通常用於特定/一次性活動)

   
   

    → He stopped to buy some water.

   
   

    (= he stopped in order to buy water — just once)

   
   

    （通常用於特定或一次性的動作，例如：他停下來是為了買水。）

3. Used in split phrases (用於拆分短語中)

   
   

    → She wants to really understand the problem.

   
   

    (“really” comes between “to” and the verb)

   
   

    （可在「to」與動詞之間插入副詞或強調語，例如：「really」置於其中。）

-ing (gerund)

(not only for “things” 不僅用於「事物」)

1. Shows general behaviour (表現出一般行為)

   
   

    → He enjoys reading before bed.

   
   

    (= something he likes doing in general)

   
   

    （表示一般行為或習慣性動作，例如：他喜歡睡前閱讀。）

2. Expresses habitual or repeated actions (表示習慣性或重複性行為)

   
   

    → They keep arguing about the same thing.

   
   

    (= they do it again and again)

   
   

    （表示重複或習慣性行為，例如：他們不停地爭論同一件事。）

3. Part of a connected adjective phrase (連接詞形容詞片語的一部分)

   
   

    → She’s busy preparing for her exam.

   
   

    (“busy” + -ing phrase)

   
   

    （構成形容詞短語的一部分，例如：「busy」之後接 -ing 結構。）

More on (3):

"She is happy to do it." or "She is happy doing it"?

“happy to do” (intention / willingness) （表示意願或打算去做某事）

= “I’m glad to act” (我感高興能去做這事)

“happy doing” (process / experience) （表示在做某事的過程中感到快樂）

= “I enjoy the act” (我享受做這事的過程)

Answer for Ex 05: to- or -ing

1. to find

2. to create

3. travelling

4. to take

5 annoying

6. taking

7. to take

8. visiting

9. to visit

10. giving

Answer for Ex 06: C-Conjunctions

1.     I’m craving Japanese today. I’m craving Korean today.

2.     Oten looks young. Oten is actually very old.

3.     I love nobody. I love you.

4.     She has a devilish face. She has an angelic figure.

5.     Hello Kitty can’t talk to Dear Daniel. Dear Daniel can’t talk to Hello Kitty.

Answer for Ex 07: Conjunctions & Connectives

1.     Although Oten was ill and foaming at his mouth last night, he would not miss his lessons.

2.     At first I thought that Oten was a singer, but later I found him better at rap.

3.     Oten left in haste for he was already late for the appointment.

4.     Everyone loves Oten because of his friendliness.

5.     Hello Kitty moves very slowly, as he comes from England.

6.     You had better write it down, otherwise you’ll forget it.

7.     I gripped my Dan’s arm, lest he would be trampled by the crowd.

8.     Teaching, as well as singing, is what Oten does in his whole life.

9.     He always wears a yellow tight suit, so we call him Bruce Lee.

10.  We went early so that we can get good seats in the classroom.

11.  It is cold but Oten did not wear anything.

12.  This car looks small, yet it’s surprisingly spacious.