Grammar Force 1 – Tense: Real Approach

P.28 Reasons:

No Present Continuous Tense

Reasons: All ‘V~ing’ = Present Participle ≈ Adjective, not a verb

No Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Reasons: All ‘V~ing’ = Present Participle ≈ Adjective, not a verb

No Past Continuous TenseReasons: All ‘V~ing’ = Present Participle ≈ Adjective, not a verb

No Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Reasons: All ‘V~ing’ = Present Participle ≈ Adjective, not a verb

No Future TenseReasons: ‘Shall’ & ‘Will’ = Auxiliary Verbs, not a verb 

No Future Continuous Tense

Reasons: ‘Shall’ & ‘Will’ = Auxiliary Verbs, not a verb All ‘V~ing’ = Present Participle ≈ Adjective, not a verb

No Future Perfect TenseReasons: ‘Shall’ & ‘Will’ = Auxiliary Verbs, not a verb 

No Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Reasons: ‘Shall’ & ‘Will’ = Auxiliary Verbs, not a verb All ‘V~ing’ = Present Participle ≈ Adjective, not a verb

P.31 Explanation:

Daniel may bite Kitty. 丹尼爾可以咬吉蒂。

This is present tense: ‘may’ = Auxiliary Verbs  這是現在式：‘may’只是輔助動詞

Daniel can bite Kitty. 丹尼爾能夠咬吉蒂。

This is present tense: ‘can’ = Auxiliary Verbs  這是現在式：‘can’只是輔助動詞

Daniel should bite Kitty. 丹尼爾應該咬吉蒂。

This is present tense: ‘should’ = Auxiliary Verbs  這是現在式：‘should’只是輔助動詞

Daniel must bite Kitty. 丹尼爾必須咬吉蒂。

This is present tense: ‘must’ = Auxiliary Verbs  這是現在式：‘must’只是輔助動詞

Daniel will bite Kitty. 丹尼爾將會咬吉蒂。

'Will' is just one of the Auxiliary Verbs, so why does it become "future tense"?

‘Will’ 只是輔助動詞之一，為何會變成「將來式」？

Eastern thinking is that there is the past, the present, and the future — 3 dimensions that are equal and balanced.東方人的想法是：有過去、有現在、亦有將來，三個空間是平等、平衡的；

Western thinking, on the other hand, sees the present as a constantly forward moving point, while the past is an ever-expanding space. What we call the future has not yet happened, so it is imagined or projected from the present and does not truly exist yet.

而西方人的想法則是：現在是不停向前跑的一點，而過去就是一個不停膨脹的空間，所謂的將來，還未發生，所以都是由現在去想像或預計出來的，並未真正存在。

PRESENT TENSE EXERCISE ANSWERS:

1. make

2. come

3. covers

4. has / made

5. has studied

6. gives

7. has got

8. works

9. am going

10. are staying

11. is

12. have learned

13. is / makes / speaks

14. rise / gets

15. has been

16. have been working

17. have replied

18. are not

19. know

20. don’t care

21. receives / is

22. has been / feels

23. have finished

24. is dying

25. have been blaming / has stolen

26. have found

27. is getting

28. doesn’t interest

29. have wasted

30. has lived

PAST TENSE EXERCISE ANSWERS:

1. had studied

2. didn’t listen

3. met

4. were waiting

5. were / started

6. was feeling / felt

7. had left

8. were talking

9. died

10. didn’t appreciate / did

11. had met

12. visited / saw

13. didn’t like

14. were having

15. had started

16. cancelled / found

17. took

18. were not preparing / came

19. had lost / knew

20. slept

21. stayed / recovered

22. burned / were burned

23. exploded / had left

24. arrived / had finished

25. pissed / was

26. celebrated / had won

27. broke

28. was

29. reached / had gone

30. finished / had been doing

FUTURE TENSE EXERCISE ANSWERS:

1. will stop

2. will die

3. will have finished

4. will be singing / will stay

5. will tell

6. will overcome

7. will disappear

8. will tell

9. will have become

10. will stay

11. will hold

12. will have finished

13. will be seeing

14. will send

15. will have founded

16. will win

17. will not spend

18. will be studying

19. will have developed

20. will have finished

21. will you be doing / will have retired

22. will give

23. will be playing

24. will have been living

25. will have

26. will be

27. will be sleeping

28. will become

29. will be watching

30. will be having

INTEGRATED EXERCISE ANSWERS:

1.

• have been ; have been separated

• was ; separated

2.

• has stopped

• stopped

3.

• were kissing

• kissed

4.

• was ; passed

5.

• met ; was travelling

• was meeting ; was travelling

6.

• will study

• will be studying

• is going to study

• is studying

7.

• have forgotten ; remembers

• forgot ; remembers

8.

• was

• had been

9.

• had been flying ; burst

• was flying ; burst

10.

• was having ; ran ; assaulted

• had ; ran ; assaulted

11.

• was reading ; rang

• read ; rang

12.

• lost

13.

• finishes ; leaves

• finishes ; will leave

• had finished ; left

14.

• considered ; made

• had considered ; made

15.

• was reading ; was watching

• read ; watched

16.

• am working ; have decided

• am working ; decided

17.

• is going

18.

• are

• were

19.

• am getting ; have

• got ; had

20.

• costs

• cost

21.

• are having

• will have

• are going to have

22.

• looks ; like ; teaches

• looked ; liked ; taught

23.

• have closed

24.

• bless* (fixed phrase)

• blesses

25.

• is broken

• has broken

26.

• am expecting

• expect

27.

• is singing

• sings

28.

• has taught

• has been teaching

29.

• is ; have visited

• was ; visited

30.

• consists

31.

• have known

32.

• has been doing

• has done

33.

• had escaped ; arrived

• escaped ; arrived

34.

• were discussing ; entered

• discussed ; entered

35.

• arrested ; had hidden

• arrested ; hid

36.

• had not had

• did not have

37.

• dies

• is dying

38.

• jumped ; sank

• was jumping ; sank

39.

• was shining

• shone

40.

• will get

• am going to get

41.

• have conquered

• are conquering

42.

• has gone

• has been gone

43.

• will have increased

• will increase

44.

• is getting ; have not finished

• was getting ; had not finished

45.

• told ; caught

• told ; had caught

46.

• is becoming

• has become

47.

• has been

48.

• will ; be developed

• will still be developing

49.

• got

50.

• are ; have come

• are ; came